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A man-to-man wargame (also known as a skirmish wargame) is a wargame in which units generally represent single individuals or weapons systems, and are rated not only on weaponry but may also be rated on such facets as morale, perception, skill-at-arms, etc. The game is designed so that a knowledge of military tactics, especially at the small unit or squad level, will facilitate successful gameplay. Man-to-man wargames offer an extreme challenge to the designer, as fewer variables or characteristics inherent in the units being simulated are directly quantifiable. Modern commercial board wargaming stayed away from man-to-man subjects for many years, though once the initial attempts were made to address the subject, it has evolved into a popular topic among wargamers. Man-to-man wargames have been a popular pastime for PC and console gamers, though "true" man-to-man combat simulators are much more rare than action-adventure oriented first person shooters which can probably be excluded from the topic of man-to-man wargames. Early role-playing games were derived from skirmish wargames, and many are still played as such. Many early designs for man-to-man games had cumbersome pre-plotting of moves, others used a system of multiple maps and umpires to try and create "fog of war" or uncertainty for players. Modeling conflict at this scale provides unique challenges to the game designer, who must find a way to quantify variables such as human behaviour at an individual level; games at higher (grand strategic, strategic, operational or tactical) levels can arguably have their variables more easily quantified. ==List of wargames== Below is a list of man-to-man wargames in the order in which they were introduced. * ''Western Gunfight Wargame Rules 1st Ed'' (Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Mike Blake 1970) * ''Western Gunfight Wargame Rules 2nd Ed'' (Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Mike Blake, 1971) * ''Colonial Skirmish Wargames Rules c1850-1900'' (Mike Blake, Steve Curtis, Ian Colwill, Ted Herbert, 1972) * ''Sniper!'' (SPI, 1973) * ''Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900'' (Skirmish Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1974) * ''Skirmish Wargaming'' (Donald Featherstone, 1975) * ''Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900 US Ed'' (Lou Zocchi/Skirmish Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)) , 1975) * ''Old West Skirmish Rules 1816-1900 Parts One & Two Revised Ed'' (Skirmish Wargames ((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1978) * ''Once Upon a Time in the West: Rules for Gunfight Wargames'' (Ian S. Beck and John D. Spencer, 1978) * ''Flintlock & Ramrod 1700-1850 Skirmish Wargames Rules'' (Skirmish Wargames((Ian Colwill, Mike Blake)), 1980) * ''Twentieth Century Skirmish Wargames Rules Vol 1 Rules, Vol 2 Supplement, Vol 3 Tables & Charts'' (Skirmish Wargames ((Colwill, Grainger & Swan), 1981) * ''Hetzer'' (TSR, Inc., 1988) * ''Special Forces'' (TSR, Inc., 1988≠) * ''Patrol'' (SPI, 1973) * ''City-Fight'' (SPI, 1979) * ''Trenchfoot'' (Game Designers' Workshop, 1981) * ''Cry Havoc!'' (Standard Games, 1981) * ''Siege'' (Standard Games, 1983) * ''Outremer'' (Standard Games, 1985) * ''Viking Raiders'' (Standard Games, 1987) * ''Samurai Blades'' (Standard Games, 1984) * ''Dark Blades'' (Standard Games, 1986) * ''Dragon Noir 2 - The Challenge'' (Eurogames, 1993) * ''Up Front'' (Avalon Hill, 1983) * ''Banzai'' (Avalon Hill, 1984) * ''Desert War'' (Avalon Hill, 1985) * ''Gunslinger'' (Avalon Hill, 1983) * ''Close Assault'' (Yaquinto, 1983) * ''Ambush! (Victory Games, 1983) * ''Move Out'' (Ambush! module) (Victory Games, 1984) * ''Purple Heart'' (Ambush! module) (Victory Games, 1985) * ''Silver Star'' (Ambush! module) (Victory Games, 1987) * ''Firepower'' (Avalon Hill, 1984) * ''Battle Cry'' (3W, 1986) * ''Battle Hymn'' (Victory Games, 1986) * ''Leatherneck'' (Battle Hymn module)(Victory Games, 1988) * ''Platoon'' (Avalon Hill, 1986) * ''Soldiers'' (West End, 1987) * ''Iron Cross'' (Strategy & Tactics Magazine, 1990) * ''Shell Shock'' (Victory Games, 1990) * ''Special Forces'' (Dan Verssen Games, 2005) - a (VASSAL )-only card game also available as a .pdf download. * ''Song of Blades and Heroes'' (Ganesha Games, 2007) * ''Whack & Slaughter'' (CatZeyeS Entertainment, 2010) * ''Skirmish Tactics Apocalypse'' (2013) *"bullet www.tinywargames.co.uk'' (2015) Some of these games represent further development of earlier titles; for example ''Firepower'' is a modern-set version of ''Close Assault'', which is set in World War Two, both from the same designer. ''Ambush!'' is an innovative solitaire game based on a system of paragraph readings and a sleeve-and-card system that reveals data about the game environment as the player navigates his soldiers over the map. Set in the European Theatre of Operations in WW II, it spawned three sequels as well as a second series of games set in the Pacific (''Battle Hymn'') as well as a two-player version (''Shell Shock''). ''Up Front'' is a man-to-man game, but its board was abstracted with the concept of relative range and range chits. The game was driven by cards, with individual soldiers represented by cards laid on a playing surface. ''Firepower'' was arguably the most detailed man-to-man treatment; there were, for example, arrow counters to indicate which side of a tree a soldier might be lying behind. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Man-to-man wargame」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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